Regulación del metabolismo de carbohidratos
GLUCÓGENO
Glycogen branches out: new perspectives on the role of glycogen metabolism in the integration of metabolic pathways
Greenberg, C. C., Jurczak, M. J., Danos, A. M., & Brady, M. J. (2006). Glycogen branches out: new perspectives on the role of glycogen metabolism in the integration of metabolic pathways. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, 291(1), E1-E8.
Abstract
Glycogen is the storage form of carbohydrate for virtually every
organism from yeast to primates. Most mammalian tissues store glucose as
glycogen, with the major depots located in muscle and liver. The French
physiologist Claude Bernard first identified a starch-like substance in liver
and muscle and coined the term glycogen, or “sugar former,” in the 1850s.
During the 150 years since its identification, researchers in the field of
glycogen metabolism have made numerous discoveries that are now recognized as
significant milestones in biochemistry and cell signaling. Even so, more
questions remain, and studies continue to demonstrate the complexity of the
regulation of glycogen metabolism. Under classical definitions, the functions
of glycogen seem clear: muscle glycogen is degraded to generate ATP during
increased energy demand, whereas hepatic glycogen is broken down for release of
glucose into the bloodstream to supply other tissues. However, recent findings
demonstrate that the roles of glycogen metabolism in energy sensing, integration
of metabolic pathways, and coordination of cellular responses to hormonal
stimuli are far more complex